Future Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Sentence Pattern

            To make Future Perfect Continuous Tense sentences, you can use affirmative positive, negative and introgative sentence patterns as below.



   
B. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Sentences

           After you know the pattern of forming affirmative positive, negative and introgative sentences from Future Perfect Continuous Tense, now it's time for friends to try to make the sentence Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Below, the author gives an example of the sentence Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

    (+) He will have been studying at the university for two years by the end of this week
    (-) He will not have been studying at the university for two years by the end of this week
    (?) Will he have been studying at the university for two years by the end of this week?


C. Use of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

           At the beginning of the explanation, the author has explained the use of Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Broadly speaking, these tenses are used to express a work that has begun in the past and will still be ongoing at a certain time in the future. Usually in sentences that use Future Perfect Continuous Tense, there is a description of the time period preceded by the word "for", for example: for two hours, for 3 months.

         The addition of the statement of time period is intended to state that the incident is still ongoing or not yet completed and may continue. As shown in the example below:

    I will have been living in Jakarta for three months by the end of September.
    I will have been working for 3 hours by the end of twelve.


D. Time Description of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

    When friends want to make a sentence Future Perfect Continuous Tense, friends can use time information, such as:

By … Next year	By the end …	By the end of … Next …
By January next year	By the end of this week	By the end of January next year
By February next year	By the end of this month	By the end of February next year
By March next year	By the end of this year	By the end of March next year
By July next year	By the end of this summer	By the end of July next year

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Future Perfect Tense

A. Future Perfect Tense Sentence Patterns

            When friends want to make the sentence Future Perfect Tense, you can use affirmative positive, negative and introgative sentence patterns as shown below.

    (+) S + Will / Shall + Have + Verb-3
    (-) S + Will / Shall + Not + Have + Verb-3
    (?) Will / Shall + S + Have + Verb-3?


B. Future Perfect Tense Sentences

          Now that you know the Future Perfect Tense sentence pattern, it's time for you to learn to write Future Perfect Tense sentences. Below are examples of positive, negative and introgative sentences in Future Perfect Tense. Let's see the example sentence below.

    (+) I will have finished my assignment by this time next week.
    (-) I will not have finished my assignment by this time next week.
    (?) Will you have your assignment finished by this time next week?



C. Time Information

          When friends want to make the sentence Future Perfect Tense, friends can add a description of the time that indicates an activity / activity will be completed at a certain time in the future. As the description of the time below.
- By the end of this year: By the end of this year
- By the end of July: By the end of July
- By the end of next week: By the end of next week

D. Use of Future Perfect Tense

           As an example of the situation and explanation of Future Perfect Tense above, the use of Future Perfect Tense is to declare an action that will begin in the future and will have been completed at a certain time in the future. Example:

    I started writing a thesis last month. By the end of next month I will have written it

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Future Continuous Tense

A. Future Continuous Tense Sentence Pattern

             When friends want to make a Future Continuous Tense sentence, you can use affirmative positive, negative and introgative sentence patterns as shown below.

     (+) S + Will / Shall + Be + Verb-ing
     (-) S + Will / Shall + Not + Be + Verb-ing
     (?) Will / Shall + S + Be + Verb-ing
B. Future Continuous Tense Sentence Forms

            After you know the pattern of Future Continuous Tense sentences, now it's time for your friends to learn to write Future Continuous Tense sentences. Below are examples of positive, negative and introgative sentences in Future Continuous Tense. Let's see the example sentence below.

     (+) Tomorrow the movie will begin at 9.30 and ends at 11.00. Liya will be going to the cinema at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
     (-) Tomorrow the movie will begin at 9.30 and ends at 11.00. Liya will not be going to the school at 10 o'cock tomorrow.
     (?) Tomorrow the movie will begin at 9.30 and ends at 11.00. Will Liya be going to the school at 10 o'cock tomorrow?

C. Time Information on Future Continuous Tense

       The time information commonly used in Future Continuous Tense is a time statement that states the time will come with a more specific time, such as:
Tomorrow night: Tomorrow night
Next year on July: Next year in July
Tonight at eight o'clock: Tonight at 08.00

D. Use of Future Continuous Tense

       At the beginning of the explanation the author has briefly explained the use of Future Continuous Tense tenses. Yes ... in essence these Future Continuous Tense tenses are used to express actions that will be done at a later time with a more specific time. In other words, Future Continuous Tense is used to:

    Future Continuous Tense is used to declare an activity that is being carried out at a certain time in the future.
    Example: Don't phone me at 7 and 8. We will be having dinner then.

    Future Continuous Tense is used to indicate planned activities to be carried out in the future.
    Example: I will be swimming tomorrow.

    Future Continuous Tense can also be used to ask someone's plans, especially if we want something or want someone to do something.
    Example: Will you be sending this gift to Marry when you go to the office?

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Simple Future Tense

A. Explanation of Simple Future
           As we know, the meaning of the word "future" itself is the future, Simple Future Tense is a type of English tenses used to express ideas or opinions that refer to plans, promises, and things that will be done in the future.

B. Simple Future Sentence Patterns

         When we want to make the sentence Simple Future Tense, then we will need Auxiliary Verb (auxiliary verb) "will" or "shall" which means "will". Keep in mind for all friends, after Will / Shall it will meet with the first form of verbs (verb-1). Let's continue by looking at the Simple Future sentence patterns below.

Simple Future Verbal Sentence Patterns

     (+) S + Will / Shall + Verb 1 + O
     (-) S + Will / Shall + Not + Verb 1 + O
     (?) Will / Shall + S + Verb-1 + O




Simple Future Verbal Sentence Patterns

     (+) S + Will / Shall + Verb 1 + O
     (-) S + Will / Shall + Not + Verb 1 + O
     (?) Will / Shall + S + Verb-1 + O

Example of a Simple Future Verbal Sentence




Simple Future Nominal Sentence Patterns

     (+) S + Will / Shall + Be + Adj / Adv / Noun
     (-) S + Will / Shall + Not + Be + Adj / Adv / Noun
     (?) Will / Shall + S + Be + Adj / Adv / Noun

Example of Simple Future Nominal Sentences

     (+) He will be my husband
     (-) He will not be my husband
     (?) Will he be my husband?


*Information:

S = Subject
Adj = Adjective
Adv = Adverb (Adverb)
Noun = Noun


Use of Tobe Auxiliary for subject sentences.

Subject	Tobe
They	Will
We	Will/Shall
You	Will
I	Will/Shall
He	Will
She	Will
It	Will

The use of Shall in subject I and We is usually used in question sentences, such as:

    Shall I open the window?
    I have got no money. What shall I do?
    Shall we go?


C. Use of Simple Future

           After we know how to form Simple Future Tense sentences based on the sentence patterns listed above, well below, there are several things that require the use of Simple Future Tense, namely:

    Declares deeds to be done in the future.
    I will comeback to Cirebon tomorrow.

    States the conditional sentences (Conditional Sentence) type 1
    If I study hard, I will pass the exam.

    Declare an offer to do something.
    That bag looks heavy. I will help you with it.

    Ask someone to do something.
    Will you please be quite? I am trying to concentrate.

    Promising things to do.
    I will not tell anyone what happended. I promise.


D. Time Information on Simple Future

              There are some information about the time that is usually used in sentences with Simple Future Tense. The adverb of time is as follows:

    Tomorrow - Tomorrow night or later tonight
    Next time - Later
    Next Sunday - Next Sunday
    Next afternoon - Later afternoon
    Next week - Next week
    Next year - Next year

Hopefully the article about Simple Future Tense above can be useful for all friends. Please send criticism and suggestions, for the progress of this blog and subsequent articles. thanks.

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Present Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Definition of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

          Present perfect tense is one of the tensis used to show the present time where the events or events that have occurred have occurred in the past but still continue in the present time. Consider again the example above. In the example 'It has been raining all day. I am tired of it 'refers to the rain that happened in the past and still continues until the time it is discussed.

B. Present Perfect Contionuous Tense Formula

         Below is the present perfect continuous tense formula for three types of sentences, namely positive sentences, negative sentences and question sentences.

Positive (+)
Subject + Have / has + Been + Ving + Object
Example:
I have been sitting here since seven o'clock.
They have been studying English for five straight hours.
He has been working here for ten years.

Negative (-)
Subject + Have / has + Not + Been + Ving + Object
Example:
 I have not been sitting here since seven o'clock.
 They have not been studying English for five straight hours.
 He has not been working here for ten years.

Interrogative (?)
Have / has + Subject + Been + Ving + Object
Example:
Have you been sitting here since seven o'clock?
Have they been studying English for five straight hours.
Has he been working here for ten years.


*Information

 Subject is the doer
 Have / has is an auxiliary verb which 'have' is used for the subject 'They, we, I, you' and 'has' is used for the subject 'he, she, it'.
 Ving is a verb that gets the affix -ing; 'raining', 'reading', 'waiting' and so on.
 An object is something that is subject to a verb.


C. Use of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense

           Returning to the explanation above regarding the meaning of present perfect continuous tense, in fact we have interesting when actually present perfect continuous tense is used.

1. Present perfect continuous tense is used to address an event or activity that began in the past and continues until the time it is discussed.
Example:

    I have been working very hard recently.
    It has been raining all day. I am tired of it.
    Petrol prices have been going up steadily all this year.


2. Present perfect continuous tense is used to state an event or activity that has just stopped but with the results that appear when discussed.
Example:

    You look hot. ~ Yes, I have been running.
    Sorry, I am late. Have you been waiting long?
    I must just go and wash. I have been gardening.


3. Present perfect continuous tense can also be used to state the events or activities that occur repeatedly with a more specific time.
Example:

    People have been calling me all day.
    I have been waking up in the night a lot. I think I will see the doctor


4. Present perfect continuous tense is usually used with time adverbs which indicate continuation such as 'recently, lately, this week, since, for.'
Example:

    The firm has been losing money recently.
    John has been walking in Scotland all this week.
    I have been doing a new job since January.
    It has been raining for the last three days.


5. Present perfect continuous tense is used to ask 'How long' (How long ...) the event or activity lasts.
Example:

    How long have you been studying English? (I have been studying English for five years.).
    How long have you been living here? (I have been living here since 1991.)

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Present Perfect Tense

A. Explanation of Present Perfect Tense

          There are several opinions of Grammar experts regarding Present Perfect Tense, including those of Raymond Murphy (2003: 14) regarding Present Perfect Tense, he argues:

"When we use the present perfect there is always a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now. And when we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now, we use the persent Perfect." 

Meanwhile, according to Jeffrey Coghill and Stacy Magendanz (2003: 96) also shared opinions about the Present Perfect Tense, they agreed:


Despite its name, present perfect tense normally does not refer to actions occurring in the present. Instead, it most often refers to actions completed in the past that have some consequence or effect on the present situation." 

B. Present Perfect Tense Formula

           Below is a Present Perfect Tense formula for three types of sentences, namely Positive Sentence, Interrogative Sentence, and Negative Sentence.

Positive (+)
S + Have / has + V III + O

Interrogative (?)
Have / has + S + V III + O

Negative (-)
S + Have / has + Not + V III + O

*Information:
  S: Subject
  Have / has: Is an auxiliary verb used in the Present Prefect Tense which means "already". "Have" is used for the subject they, we, I, you and "has" used for the subject he, she, it.
  V III: Is a third form of verb.
  O: object

C. Changes V III to the Present Perfect Tense

          As we know, there are some changes that occur in Verb Bare Infinitive (pure verbs that have not received a supplement), from V I to V II and V III. There are two types of changes involving changes in Verb (verb), there are changes that are regular (regular) and some are irregular (irregular).
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1. Regular Verb
        For regular verb changes we only add the suffix "-ed" at the end of the verb. This applies to changes in V II and V III.

V I	V II	V III
Try	Tryed	Tryed
Work	Worked	Worked
Look	Looked	Looked
Finish	Finshed	Finished
Travell	Travelled	Travelled
Talk	Talked	Talked
Use	Used	Used

2. Irregular Verb
         In addition to regular changes, there are also irregular changes.

D. Form Present Perfect Tense

(+) I have worked
(-)  I have not worked
(?)  Have I worked?

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Present Continuous Tense

A. Explanation of the Present Continuity Tense

Present Continuous Tense or often also called Present Progressive is certainly no stranger to our ears. Present continuous Tense is Tenses that explain an event that is happening at the present time. Some Grammar experts also think about the same thing about what is the Continuous Tense Present. Raymond Murphy (2003: 2) for example, argues that the Present Continuous Tense

"I am doing something (Present Continuous Tense) = I am in the middle of doing something; I've started doing it and I haven't finished yet."

Meanwhile, according to Michael Swan (2005: 451) argues about the Present Continuous Tense that:

"We use the present progressive (Present Continuous Tense) to talk about temporary action and situations that are going on now or 'around now': before, during and after the the moment of speaking." 

Bety Azhar (2002: 13) also believes almost the same as the two opinions above, that:

"The present progressive (Present Continuous Tense) expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. It is a temporary activity that began in the past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future." 

B. Present Continuous Tense Formula

Below is a Present Continuous Tense formula for three types of sentences, namely positive sentences, positive sentences (Introgative Sentence), and negative sentences (Negative Sentence)

Positive (+)
S + To be + V-ing + O

Introgative (?)
To be + S + V-ing + O +?

Negative (-)
S + To be + Not + V-ing + O

*Information:

 -S: Subject
 -To be: The auxiliary verb for Present Tense is am / is / are. "Am" is used for "I". "Is" is used for "he / she / it". "Are" is used for "you / we / they".
 -V-ing: Verbs that get the suffix "-ing", for example "Write" gets the suffix "-ing" to "Writing".
 -O: Object  

C. V-ing changes in the Present Continuous Tense

There are some V-ing changes to the Present Cotinuous Tense that we must pay attention to when we want to add the suffix "-ing" to Verb (verb).

 1. For verbs ending in consonants which are preceded by vowels and read one to two syllables (pronunciation) such as cut, put, get, begin, occur etc., get the "-ing" end by multiplying letters the end of the verb. 

Cut	Cutting
Put	Putting
Get	Getting
Begin	Beginning
Occur	Occurring

2. For verbs (Verb) ending in consonants which are preceded by two vowels such as speak, and read, get the "-ing" suffix by adding them as usual. 


Speak-Speaking
Read-Reading
Dream-Dreaming
Rain-Raining
Fool-Fooling

 3. For verbs (Verbs) ending in "-e", for example, serve, give, leave, emphasize, etc. get the suffix "-ing" by removing the "-e".

Take	Taking
Give	Giving
Serve	Serving
Leave	Leaving
Emphasize	Emphasizing

4. For verbs (Verb) ending in "-ie" for example lie, die, etc. get the suffix "-ing" by changing the suffix "-ie" to "-y".

Die	Dying
Lie	Lying

5. In addition to the 4 criteria above, all verbs (Verb) can be added suffix "-ing" with no changes.

Tell	Telling
Ask	Asking
Study	Studying
Buy	Buying
Walk	Walking

But not all verbs can be used in Present Continuous Tense, there are some verbs that are not commonly used in Present Continuous Tense. The verbs (Verb) are in the form of non-action verbs called Stative Verbs, such as:

Belive, hear, know, please, see, think, feel, like, dislike, love, prefer, smell, understand, hate, gues, mean, recogenize, suppose, want, have, imagine, need, remember, taste, wish. 

D. Form of Present Continuous Tense

Affirmative : I am working.

Question : Am I working? Negative : I am not working. E. Use of Present Continuous Tense If we pay attention together, the explanation from the three Grammar experts above actually we can already draw some understanding about the use of Present Continuous Tense. 1. Present Continuous Tense is used to show events that occur around now. This event began in the past, is still ongoing in the present and is likely to end in the future. Example: a. Andi is watching TV. b. I am reading a novel. c. They are playing football. *Information Genesis a, "Andi is watching Tv" (Andi is watching TV) is an incident that is happening around now. The incident has begun in the past, is still ongoing in the present and is likely to end in the future. The same applies for events b and c. 2. Present Continuous Tense is used to show events that occur in the period around now, such as today, this morning, this week, etc. Example: a. You are studying hard today. b. They are palying basketball this afternoon. c. Susan is working hard this week. *Information Genesis a, "You are working hard today" (you worked hard today) is an event that is happening in the current period. "Today" on this event is considered by the author to be a form of present time as well as "now" and "at this moment". Likewise for events b and c. 3. Present Continuous Tense is used to show events that will occur in the future (future). Example: a. What are you doing tomorrow evening? b. I am going to cinema tomorrow evening. c. Come and see us next week if you are passing my home. *Information Genesis a, "What are you doing tomorrow evening?" (What are you going to do tomorrow afternoon?) Is a Present Continuous Tense sentence but has the meaning of future. Likewise for events b and c. 4. Present Continuous Tense is used to show temporary events. Example: a. I am living with some friends until I find a flat. b. You are working hard today. c. I am eating a bar of chocolate. *Information A incident, "I am living with some friends until I find a flat" (I lived with several friends until I found a boarding house) is a temporary event. I do live with a few friends now, but after finding a rented house I will move. So when I lived with a few friends it was only temporary. Likewise for events b and c. 5. Present Convictual Tense is used to show events that are very often done but not a habit. In the present Continuous Tense sentence usually add "Alaways" in it. Example: a. I have lost my key again. I am always losing my key. b. Andi is always comlaining. c. They are always wathching movie. *Information A incident, "I have lost my key again. I am always losing my key." (I have lost my key again. I have lost my key very often.) Is a very common occurrence but not a habit. Because if the incident is a habit, then the Continuous Tense Present is not appropriate to use the sentence, Simple Present Tense is the most appropriate. Likewise for events b and c.

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Simple Present Tense

A. Explanation of Simple Present Tense

           There are several explanations about Simple Present Tense which of course we must understand together. According to Raymond Murphy (2003: 4) says that "We use the simple present to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general." We use Present Simple to talk about things in general. We use Simple Present to state something that happens all the time or repeatedly, or to state something that is generally true.

           Meanwhile according to Michel Swan (2005: 448) said "When we talk about permanent situations, or about things that happen regularly or all the time (not just around now), we usually use the simple present tense". When we talk about permanent situations, or about things that happen regularly or all the time (not just now), we usually use simple present.

           Even clearer is the explanation of Betty's (2002: 2) simple present tense which states "in general, the simple expression of events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually; they exist now, have existed in the past, and probably will exist in the futur ". Generally, simple present states events or situations that are always, usually, habitually present; simple prente is present now, has existed in the past, and is likely to be in the future.

B. Simple Present Tense Formulas

S + Vbi + e/es + O.

*Information:

 -S: Subject
 -Vbi: Verb Bare Infinitives (Verbs that have not experienced suffixes such as do (not does), call (not called), etc.
 -e / es: This is the suffiex that must be added if the subject of the sentence is he / she / it (third-person singular).
 -O: Object 

C. Changes to Suffix e / es in Simple Present Tense

          There are changes that occur in Verb (verb) when we use simple present tense that is affected by numbers (numbers) and people (persons). Changes that occur in Verb (verbs) if you find the suffix e / es are:

-Verb (verb) ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, or -o getting the -es suffix.
*Miss-Misses      
*Wash-Washes
*Watch-Watches
*Fix-Fixes
*Buzz-Buzzes
*Do-Does

-Verb (verb) ending in -y, which is preceded by consonants get suffix -esby changing the suffix -y to -i. 
*Cry-Cries
*Hurry-Hurries
*Reply-Replies

But for Verb (verbs) ending in -y, which is preceded by vowels, get suffix -s by not changing the -y to -i
*Enjoy-Enjoys
*Stay-Stays

In addition to the Verb (verb) criteria above, getting the -s suffix.
*Work-Works
*Sit-Sits
*Get -Gets

Exceptions to the three criteria above.
*Have-Has

D. Simple Present Tense Forms
         Simple Present Tense can be formed into three forms of sentences, affirmative, question, and negative, as below: 
Affirmative: I work
Question    : Do I work ?
Negative    : I do not work

E. . Use of Simple Present Tense
        If we pay attention together, from the explanations of the three grammar experts above, we can actually draw some understanding about the use of simple presnet tense.

1. Simple presnt tense is used to declare events that occur in general (general) whose truth is not in doubt. These general events are not related to the present time but can also occur in the past time or even possibly in the future.

Example:
a. The earth goes arround the sun.
b. Bees make honey.
c. Water boils at 100 centigrade. 

2. Simple present tense is used to state events that are always (always), usually (usually), accustomed to (habitually) done. Usually in present tense sentences use time adverbs like: always, usually, habitually, permanently, repetedly, every day / week / month / year, etc. These events are also not tied to the present (present) alone but can also occur in the past lamapu (past) or even possibly can occur in the future (future)

Example:
a. Rini always reads grammar books in the library.
b. Jhon plays football every Sunday afternoon.
c. I usually eat omelette as my breakfast. 

3. Simple present tense is used to declare the sequence of events that are usually used when demonstrating (demonstration), giving commentsar (commentaries) or giving instructions (instructions).

Example:
a. How to make an omlet - First I take a bowl and break two eggs into it. Next ...
b. Iniesta passes to Messi, Messi shoots, and it's goal!
c. How to get the station - You go stright on the traffic light, then you turn left ...


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Past Perfect Continuous Tense

A. The Definition Of Perfect Continuous Tense
            Past perfect is used to express activities that ALREADY happened before other activities occurred in the past (see: Explanation of Past Perfect). However, past perfect continuous is used to declare an activity that ALREADY occurred and is still CONTINUING in the past before other activities occur. Obviously let's look at the following illustration:
I had been sleeping hardly, so I went to the doctor

B. Past Perfect Continuous Sentence Patterns

           In making past perfect continuous sentences friends can use two patterns, namely verbal sentence patterns and nominal sentence patterns. Friends can also make it in the form of positive, negative and introgative sentences in accordance with the sentence patterns listed below.

1. Verbal sentence patterns:
(+) S + Had + Been + Verb-ing
(-)  S + Had + Not + Been + Verb-ing
(?) Had + S + Been + Verb-ing + ?

2. Nominal sentence patterns:
 (+) S + Had + Been + Being + Adjective / Adverb / Noun
 (-) S + Had + Not + Been + Being + Adjective / Adverb / Noun
 (?) Had + S + Been + Being + Adjective / Adverb / Noun +? 

C. Examples of Sentences Past Perfect Continuous Tense
              After seeing the past perfect continuous tense sentence patterns above, below is an example of applying these sentence patterns:

1. Verbal Sentences
 (+) I had been waiting for 20 Minutes before the bus came.
 (-) He hasn't been leaving the chair since I sat next to him.
 (?) Have you been singing all the time since you were in Bathroom?

2. Nominal Sentences
(+) I had been being in Jakarta for 3 years before Jokowi became the govenor.
(-) Listen! I had not been jealous when you went to the party with that boy.
(?) Have you been being ill since three days ago?

D. Function of using Past Perfect Continuous Tense

           Actually, in the understanding of past perfect continuous tense above, we can conclude that one of the functions of using past perfect continuous tense is:

1. To declare an activity or event that HAD ALREADY occurred and is still GOING before the other activities in the light period occur.

- I had been working hard all day yesterday.
- Somebody had smoking in the room. There was a smell of cigarettes.
- They had been playing football. They looked very tired.

2. Besides that, the past perfect continuous tense is also used to state the activities that occur in a temporary light period.

 - I had been watching TV for 2 hours before my mom came back home.
 - She has been waiting there since you went inside the shop.
 - He had been smoking for 30 years. 

Hopefully the explanation about Past Perfect Continuous Tense above is useful for friends. If there are errors both in the explanation and writing, please give constructive criticism. thank you...

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Past Perfect Tense

A. Explanation of Past Perfect Tense
            "Before I came here" is an event that happened in the past (Past), then when we want to talk about events that happened before, "She had cleaned this floor.", We use Past Perfect Tense.
So Past Perfect Tense is a type of tenses that describe events or events that occurred before events in the past (Past) occurred. That is roughly what is called the Past Perfect Tense.

B. Past Perfect Tense Sentence Patterns
            In making Past Perfect Tense sentences, your friends can use two patterns, namely verbal sentence patterns and nominal sentence patterns. Friends can also make it in the form of positive, negative and introgative sentences in accordance with the sentence patterns listed below.

Verbal sentence patterns:
(+) s+had+v3
(-)  s+had+not+v3
(?) had+s+v3
Nominal sentence patterns:
(+) S + Had + Been + Adjective/Adverb/Noun
(-) S + Had + Not + Been + Adjective/Adverb/Noun
(?) Had + S + Been + Adjective/Adverb/Noun + ?

C. Form of Past Perfect Tense

             After you know the Past Perfect Tense sentence pattern, now it's time for your friends to learn to write the Past Perfect Tense sentence. Below, the author includes examples of verbal sentences and nominal sentences in the form of positive, negative and introgative. Let's see the example below.

Examples of Verbal Sentences Past Perfect Tense: 
(+) We had visited the zoo.
(-)  We had not visited the zoo.
(?) Had we visited the zoo?  
Example of Past Perfect Tense Nominal Sentences:
 (+) He had been in Jakarta for two months.
 (-) He had not been in Jakarta for two months.
 (?) Had he been in Jakarta for two months?

D. Past Perfect Tense function

            At the beginning of the explanation the author briefly explained the use of Past Perfect Tense. Yes ... in essence the Past Perfect Tense tenses are used to express actions that occurred in the past when other activities occurred. Quoting from one of the references of the grammar book written by Frank Marcella in his book "Modern English" (1972: 82-83) explains the use of Past Perfect Tense, including: 

-Past Perfect Tense reveals events in the past before other past events.
Exp: When Sarah arrived at the party. Paul had gone home. 
-Past Perfect Tense is used accompanied by a dependent clause that warns of other past events.
Exp:When Sarah arrived at the party. Paul had gone home. 
-past Perfect Tense is used in 3rd type conditional sentences. 
If I had known your number, I would have called you.

Hopefully the explanation about Past Perfect Tense above can be useful for all friends. The author is very open to criticism and suggestions for the progress of this blog and subsequent articles. thank you...

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Past Continuous Tense

         Past Continuous Tense is usually used to show two events that occur at the same time, but one event occurred earlier and is still ongoing when the second event occurs. Look at the example sentences below:

"Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 o'clock and finished at 11.30. So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis." 

        They were playing tennis meaning they were in the middle of the game. To be clearer what past past tense is, let's read the full article below. May be useful. Check this out ... !!!

1. Past Continuous Tense formula
        Below is the formula used to make the sentence Past Contionus Tense, both in the form of affirmative positive, negative and introgative sentences.

(+) S + Tobe (was, were) + Verb-ing
(-) S + Tobe + Not + Verb-ing
(?) Tobe + S + Verb-ing

B. Past Continuous Tense Sentence Forms
        Past Continuous Tense can be formed into three sentences, namely positive, negative, and introgative sentences. Look at the sentence formation formula above and let's look at the example sentence below.

(+) ( I was watching Korean movie last night )
(-) ( I was not watching Korean movie last night )
(?) ( Was I watching korean movie last night ?)

C. Use of Simple Past Continuous Tense
         As at the beginning of the introduction above, the Past Continuous Tense is used to state the events that occurred in the lighting period where the events still took place when another Past Tense event occurred. Actually from the above sentence we can conclude when in fact we should express the sentence with the use of Past Continuous Tense.
       State the activities that are taking place at an indefinite time in the past.
Example: I was watching television all day long.
       State the activities that are taking place at a certain time in the past.
Example: I was going to the beach at 6 o'clock this morning.

      State the events that had started and were taking place in the past when other events occurred. The first activity that was underway was quizzed with Past Continuous Tense while other events that occurred later were stated with Past Tense.
Example: I was watching television when the telephone rang.

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Simple Past Tense

        Simple Past Tense ~ Up to the explanation of Simple Past Tense, it's been a long time not to talk about Tenses well ... Hehehe. Okay then ... Have friends ever been asked to write or recount past events in English ??? Definitely the answer, OFTEN. For friends who want to write or recount past events in English, that's when friends will use Past Tense. On this occasion, the English Learning Media wanted to try to explain what Simple Past Tense was. Further explanation about simple past tense tenses can you read in the article below. Hopefully useful ... Check this out !!!

A. Past Tense formula

        Simple Past Tense Sentence Patterns with "TOBE" (was, were)

(+) S + WAS / WERE + Adj / Adv of place / Noun

(-) S + WAS / WERE + Not + Adj / Adv of place / Noun

(?) WAS / WERE + S + Adj / Adv of place / Noun

        Simple Past Tense Sentence Patterns Using Past Verbs (V2)

(+) S + Verb-2

(-) S + Did Not (Didn't) + Verb-1

(?) Did + S + Verb-1

*Information

S = subject
Adj = adjective (adjective)

Adv = adverb (adverb)

B. How to Establish Regular Past Verb (Verb-2)

         As we know, there are two types of verbs (verbs) when viewed in terms of changing tenses, namely irregular verbs and regular verbs. Because in the article about Explanation of Present Prefect Tense the Irregular Verb list has been shown, in this article the author only shows how the formation of the second form of verbs (Verb-2) of regular verbs.

1. If the verb ends in the letter -e, then it is sufficient to add -d

Example:

Move = Moved
Invite = Invited
Hope = Hoped
Decide = Decided

2. If the verb ends in a consonant and is preceded by a vowel, then the consonant is repeated, then added with -ed

Example:

Plan = Planned

Regret = Regretted
Reffer = Refferred
Shop = Shopped

3. If the verb ending in -y, change -y to -i then add -ed.

Example:

Cry = Cried
Try = Tried

4. But if the verb ending in -y is preceded by a vowel, then simply add -ed to the verb.

Example:

Play = Played
Stay = Stayed

C. Simple Past Tense

           SentencesSimple Past Tense sentences can be formed using TO BE (was / were) or with the second form of verbs (Verb-2). Below are examples of Simple Past Tense sentences that use Tobe and Verb-2.

1. Simple Past Tense Sentence Patterns with "TOBE" (was, were)

(+) Toni was in Lombok yesterday.

(-) Toni was not in Lombok yesterday.

(?) Was Toni in Lombok yesterday?

2. Simple Past Tense Sentence Patterns with Verbs 2 (Verb-2)

(+) Toni went to zoo yesterday.

(-) Toni did not go to zoo yesterday.

(?) Did Toni go to zoo yesterday?

D. Use of Simple Past Tense

            Simple Past Tense Tenses are used for:

1. State the activities carried out or happened in the past. For more details, friends can see the time information in the example below.

Example:

He went to Jakarta last night.

I did not play football yesterday afternoon.
Did they move to Jakarta?

2. State the habits that were practiced in the past.

Example:

I never went to the zoo when I was small.

He always made a surprise for his wife's birthday.

E. Time Description on Simpe Past Tense

         In the Simple Past Tense tenses, we use time statements that state the past, such as: yesterday, yesterday evening, yesterday night, last night, last week, last month, last year, last day, last winter, few minutes ago, two days ago, and others.

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