Simple Present Tense

A. Explanation of Simple Present Tense

           There are several explanations about Simple Present Tense which of course we must understand together. According to Raymond Murphy (2003: 4) says that "We use the simple present to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general." We use Present Simple to talk about things in general. We use Simple Present to state something that happens all the time or repeatedly, or to state something that is generally true.

           Meanwhile according to Michel Swan (2005: 448) said "When we talk about permanent situations, or about things that happen regularly or all the time (not just around now), we usually use the simple present tense". When we talk about permanent situations, or about things that happen regularly or all the time (not just now), we usually use simple present.

           Even clearer is the explanation of Betty's (2002: 2) simple present tense which states "in general, the simple expression of events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually; they exist now, have existed in the past, and probably will exist in the futur ". Generally, simple present states events or situations that are always, usually, habitually present; simple prente is present now, has existed in the past, and is likely to be in the future.

B. Simple Present Tense Formulas

S + Vbi + e/es + O.

*Information:

 -S: Subject
 -Vbi: Verb Bare Infinitives (Verbs that have not experienced suffixes such as do (not does), call (not called), etc.
 -e / es: This is the suffiex that must be added if the subject of the sentence is he / she / it (third-person singular).
 -O: Object 

C. Changes to Suffix e / es in Simple Present Tense

          There are changes that occur in Verb (verb) when we use simple present tense that is affected by numbers (numbers) and people (persons). Changes that occur in Verb (verbs) if you find the suffix e / es are:

-Verb (verb) ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, or -o getting the -es suffix.
*Miss-Misses      
*Wash-Washes
*Watch-Watches
*Fix-Fixes
*Buzz-Buzzes
*Do-Does

-Verb (verb) ending in -y, which is preceded by consonants get suffix -esby changing the suffix -y to -i. 
*Cry-Cries
*Hurry-Hurries
*Reply-Replies

But for Verb (verbs) ending in -y, which is preceded by vowels, get suffix -s by not changing the -y to -i
*Enjoy-Enjoys
*Stay-Stays

In addition to the Verb (verb) criteria above, getting the -s suffix.
*Work-Works
*Sit-Sits
*Get -Gets

Exceptions to the three criteria above.
*Have-Has

D. Simple Present Tense Forms
         Simple Present Tense can be formed into three forms of sentences, affirmative, question, and negative, as below: 
Affirmative: I work
Question    : Do I work ?
Negative    : I do not work

E. . Use of Simple Present Tense
        If we pay attention together, from the explanations of the three grammar experts above, we can actually draw some understanding about the use of simple presnet tense.

1. Simple presnt tense is used to declare events that occur in general (general) whose truth is not in doubt. These general events are not related to the present time but can also occur in the past time or even possibly in the future.

Example:
a. The earth goes arround the sun.
b. Bees make honey.
c. Water boils at 100 centigrade. 

2. Simple present tense is used to state events that are always (always), usually (usually), accustomed to (habitually) done. Usually in present tense sentences use time adverbs like: always, usually, habitually, permanently, repetedly, every day / week / month / year, etc. These events are also not tied to the present (present) alone but can also occur in the past lamapu (past) or even possibly can occur in the future (future)

Example:
a. Rini always reads grammar books in the library.
b. Jhon plays football every Sunday afternoon.
c. I usually eat omelette as my breakfast. 

3. Simple present tense is used to declare the sequence of events that are usually used when demonstrating (demonstration), giving commentsar (commentaries) or giving instructions (instructions).

Example:
a. How to make an omlet - First I take a bowl and break two eggs into it. Next ...
b. Iniesta passes to Messi, Messi shoots, and it's goal!
c. How to get the station - You go stright on the traffic light, then you turn left ...


Sources